doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa066254 8 rvholmKJansonAPeltonenMNeoviusMGronowitzEEngstrmMet al
Xie Z, Lau K, Eby B, Lozano P, He C, Pennington B, Li H, Rathi S, Dong Y, Tian R, Kem D, Zou MH (2011) Improvement of cardiac functions by chronic metformin treatment is associated with enhanced cardiac autophagy in diabetic OVE26 mice
Additional benefits include improved cardiovascular outcomes in those with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease, and renoprotection
For additional skin-brightening effects, niacinamide is also included to reduce hyperpigmentation and age spots further
Origin of L-CARNITINE L-Carnitine was discovered in 1905 by the Russian researchers Gulewitsch & Krimberg in the muscles of mammals, proving this substance necessary for the biochemical functioning of muscle cells